ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic inequalities in nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles in Kurdistan Province, west of Iran, 2009. The data used in this study was collected from the data gathered in non-communicable disease surveillance system [NCDSS] in 2009 in Kurdistan. A total of 1000 people were included in this study. The outcome variable of this study was the nonuse of seatbelts and helmets. The socio-economic status [SES] was calculated based on participants' residential area and assets using Principal Component Analysis [PCA] method. The concentration index, concentration curve, and comparison of Odds Ratio [OR] in different SES groups were used to measure the socioeconomic inequalities using logistic regression. In order to determine the contribution of determinants of inequality, decomposition analysis was used. The prevalence of nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles were 47.5%, 95%CI [44%, 55%], respectively. The Concentration index was -0.097, CI [-0.148, -0.046]. The OR of nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles in the richest group compared with the poorest group was 0.39, 95%CI [0.23, 0.68]. The results of the decomposition analysis showed that 34% of inequalities were due to SES, 47% were due to residential area, and 12% were due to unknown factors. There is a reverse association between SES and nonuse of seatbelts in cars and helmets on motorcycles. This issue must be considered while planning to reduce traffic accidents injuries
ABSTRACT
HIV/AIDS has been concentrated among injecting drug users in the country. This study aimed to investigate and identify health and treatment needs of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. This qualitative study was conducted in 2012 in Iran. The study groups consisted of experts, practitioners, and consultants working with People Living with HIV/AIDS and their families. Data was collected through Focus Group Discussions and deep interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. The findings of this study included the needs of people living with HIV/AIDS, which were classified in three main categories. The first category was prevention and counseling services with several sub-groups such as education and public and available consultation, distribution of condoms to vulnerable groups, increasing counseling centers in urban areas, providing appropriate psychological and supportive counseling, and family planning services. The second category included diagnostic and treatment services and had several sub-groups such as full retroviral treatment, Tuberculosis treatment and continuing care, providing care and treatment for patients with hepatitis, and providing dental services. The third category included rehabilitation services and had some sub-categories such as home care, social and psychological support, nutritional support, and empowering positive clubs. This study puts emphasis on making plans based on the priorities to meet the needs of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Administrative Personnel , Physicians , Consultants , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
The most fundamental way to decrease the burden of noncommunicable diseases [NCDs] is to identify and control their related risk factors. The goal of this study is to determine socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for NCDs using concentration index based on Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Survey [NCDSS] data in Kurdistan province, Islamic Republic of Iran in 2005 and 2009. The required data for this study are taken from two NCDSSs in Kurdistan province in 2005 and 2009. A total of 2,494 persons in 2005 and 997 persons in 2009 were assessed. Concentration index was used to determine socioeconomic inequality. To assess the relationship between the prevalence of each risk factor and socioeconomic status [SES], logistic regression was used and odds ratio [OR] was calculated for each group, compared with the poorest group. The concentration index for hypertension was -0.095 [-0.158, -0.032] in 2005 and -0.080 [-0.156, -0.003] in 2009. The concentration index for insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables was -0.117 [-0.153, -0.082] in 2005 and -0.100 [-0.153, -0.082] in 2009. The concentration index for the consumption of unhealthy fat and oil was -0.034 [-0.049, -0.019] in 2005 and -0.108 [-0.165, -0.051] in 2009. The concentration index for insufficient consumption of fish was -0.070 [-0.096, -0.044] in 2005. The concentration index for physical inactivity was 0.008 [-0.057, 0.075] in 2005 and 0.139 [0.063, 0.215] in 2009. In all the cases, the OR of the richest group to the poorest group was significant. Hypertension, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption of unhealthy fat and oil, and insufficient consumption of fish are more prevalent among poor groups. There was no significant socioeconomic inequality in the distribution of smoking, excess weight, and hypercholesterolemia. Physical inactivity was more prevalent among the rich groups of society in 2009. The reduction of socioeconomic inequalities must become a main goal in health-care policies